Ethical theories notes
Ethical theories notes. Jul 18, 2003 · We begin by discussing two concepts that are central to all forms of virtue ethics, namely, virtue and practical wisdom. Jan 28, 2003 · This chapter discusses three competing approaches to ethical analysis: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Because this is a reality, we must be diligent when studying the ethical theory of these seven concrete categories. D. Aug 7, 2020 · Ethical theories become practically relevant in the domain of applied ethics – the application of ethical theory and moral philosophy to real-world decisions made under time constraints, with Apr 22, 2004 · Eight Theories of Ethics is a comprehensive introduction to the theories of ethics encountered by first-time students. Normative ethical theories all have a Meta-ethical core. [86] The adoption of a single ethical code is the mark of a professional of integrity and is supported by the reasoned approach of each of the normative theories of business ethics. Ancient moral theory, however, does not attempt to be a comprehensive account of all the phenomena that fall under the heading of morality. 2 Traditional Ethical Theories 2. More precisely, a moral theory can help us to sharpen our moral vision, it helps us determine whether an action or a rule is ethically right , wrong, or permissible. 15. Ethical Theories By Larry Chonko, Ph. Standard interpretations of Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics usually maintain that Aristotle (384-322 B. You, in other words, need an ethical theory. , 2008; Valecha, 2022). , Utilitarianism, Kantian deontology and Virtue ethics. Ethics is the study of morality – i. Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happine Sep 6, 2024 · Consequential Ethics: Emphasizes that the ethically correct conduct is the activity that results in the greatest balance of good over evil. Note that different theories We will explore the moral theory of utilitarianism in depth, considering whether it can help us determine the right thing to do and how to produce a just society. the university of texas at arlington notes: slide introductory slide Virtue ethics is a form of ethical theory which emphasizes the character of an agent, rather than specific acts; many of its proponents have criticised Kant's deontological approach to ethics. One cannot study special issues in ethics without some knowledge of the basic ways in which ethical theorists have INTRODUCTION TO ETHICAL THEORIES. Most of the ethical theories that you would want for an intro to ethical theory course are here. Some of that disagreement centers on the issue of demarcating the moral from other areas of practical normativity, such as the ethical and the aesthetic. Four broad categories of ethical theory include Feb 5, 2024 · Section 1: The two ethical theories that most align with my personal "code of ethics" are Deontology and Virtue Ethics. Sep 23, 2019 · INTRODUCTION Several philosphers have given different theories of ethics. e. May 1, 2001 · 1. Print out thechart of basic approaches to ethical theory Chapter 6: A Summary of the Major Ethical Theories As noted in the “Preface,” every ethical theory is an attempt to identify the property that all right acts have in common, in virtue of which they are right, and the same for wrong acts. 3 Fundamental Problems 7 1. 2 Fundamental Concepts 1 1. They argue that if a person realises that it FORCEHIMES • ETHIC A L THEORIES AND THEIR APPLIC ATION 3 cah70290_part01_001-048. A good ethical theory should promote human flourishing, reduce suffering, and prevent the collapse of society. Sep 18, 2017 · The Structure of Normative Ethics Content Summary: 700 words, 7 min read Are Ethical Theories Incompatible? Last time, we introduced five major ethical theories: At first glance, we might consider these theories as rivals competing for the status of a ground… When judging an ethical theory, it is important to note whether the theory possesses internal consistency, clarity, and implications largely in line with our experiences of moral life. [1]Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. Most important, the text describes five theories of moral reasoning-utilitarianism, rule-based morality, a rights approach, a contemporary Aristotelian approach to virtuous character, and social justice. For Kant, morality is not defined by the consequences of our actions, our emotions, or an external factor. As a moral theory, natural law may provide a helpful perspective for those who just don’t “feel right” about specific actions. ) Kant’s most basic presupposition regarding ethics was his belief in human freedom. Jun 4, 2020 · • To appreciate the ethical dimensions of patient care • To understand ethical principles of medical profession • To have competence in core ethical behavioral skills (Obtaining informed consent, assessing decision-making capacity, discussing resuscitation status and use of life-sustaining treatments, advanced care planning, breaking bad news and effective communication) Notes to Ethical theories ethical theories presents ethical theories larry chonko, ph. Here’s the first simple definition: Ethical theories are ideas that help us decide which actions are good and bad by leading us to ethical choices that bring positive outcomes for everyone. Among the major fields of applied ethics are bioethics, business ethics, legal ethics, and medical ethics. The last chapter of this section introduces feminist ethics, which, by virtue of being authored by women, is a departure from the Apr 13, 2024 · In conclusion, ethical theories offer diverse perspectives on the nature of morality and the principles that guide ethical decision-making. 1 Introduction 2. Jan 10, 2024 · What Is Ethics? Do you have an ethics class you need to take as a prerequisite or an elective? Here’s a summary of the terms, types, and critiques of ethical series that may help you successfully pass the course. Ethical inquiry, roughly, proceeds Nov 21, 2023 · Different ethical theories provide a unique perspective in ethical analysis when a person is on the path of decision making. 5 A Multi-Step Ethical Decision Procedure 34 Cases 39 Case 1: The Training Program 39 Case 2: Should Company Policy Apply to All? 39 Case 3: Deceiving Student Loan Borrowers Drives Pro ts at Navient 40 SLIDE 3 – FORMS OF ETHICAL THEORIES For individuals, the ethical theory they employ for decision making guidance emphasizes aspects of an ethical dilemma important to them and leads them to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. Elizabeth Anscombe criticised modern ethical theories, including Kantian ethics, for their obsession with law and obligation. Understanding ethical theories is recommended for HRD practitioners as it equips them with a framework to analyze and address ethical dilemmas effectively (Alizadeh & Russ-Eft, in press; Foote et al. Yet, unlike other figures of comparable importance, such as the Buddha or Confucius, he did not tell his audience how they should live. 4 Deontological Ethical Systems 2. Ethical theorists base their theories on two sorts of assumption. ) emphasizes the role of habit in conduct. ” (CW 10, 210) Such a theory of life is commonly called hedonistic, and it seems appropriate to say that Mill conceives his own position as hedonistic Ethical Theory: an Overview Introduction: 1. When the Sophists or their pupils Aristotle: Ethics. 1 Western ethical theories 21 2. 3 Teleological Ethical Systems/Consequentialist Ethical Theories 2. Gordon Graham introduces the fundamental concepts that underpin ethics, such as relativism and objectivity, and then devotes his attention to each of the eight major theories of ethics: Ross believed that a moral theory that ignored duty or a moral theory that ignored consequences “over-simplifies the moral life” (Ross 1939, 189). 0 Key ethical issues: whose arguments count? 31 According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions. 5 Contemporary Approaches 2. Jun 15, 2023 · Discover ethical theories. Some disagreement centers on the issue of what a moral theory’s aims and functions are. Normative ethical theories are classified into three main groups teleological, deontological and virtue ethics theories. Deontology’s Foil: Consequentialism. Dec 15, 2009 · If ethical theories are to be useful in practice, they need to affect the way human beings behave. C. Finally, this unit will introduce two ethical theories in contrast to utilitarianism: deontology and natural law. Ethical Theory 1: Utilitarianism • Famous Proponents: Jeremy Bentham, J. When we consistently maintain the same values regardless of the context, we are more likely to engender trust among those with whom we interact. S. Sep 14, 2024 · Ethics matters because (1) it is part of how many groups define themselves and thus part of the identity of their individual members, (2) other-regarding values in most ethical systems both reflect and foster close human relationships and mutual respect and trust, and (3) it could be “rational” for a self-interested person to be moral, because his or her self-interest is arguably best Apr 23, 2017 · The Ethical Theories: Brief Summary Consequentialism names a type of ethical theory that judges human practices, like actions or rules, based on their consequences. 2 Deontological ethics 23 2. g. Ethics in Focus View All One-of-a-kind videos highlight the ethical aspects of current and historical subjects. Ethical Theories . Preliminaries. Democritus Summary Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, a central figure in the development of philosophical atomism and of the atomic theory of the universe. Learn about famous ethical theorists, such as Kant. Ethics and politics are closely related, for politics is the science of creating a society in which men can live the good life and develop their full potential. His own theory of morality, writes Mill in Utilitarianism, is grounded in a particular “theory of life…–namely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends. The role of ethical theory in business ethics is somewhat controversial, in part because Business Ethics is seen as a branch of “applied ethics. The most basic aim of moral philosophy, and so also of the Groundwork, is, in Kant’s view, to “seek out” the foundational principle of a “metaphysics of morals,” which Kant understands as a system of a priori moral principles that apply the CI to human persons in all times and cultures. Concepts Unwrapped: Sports Edition View All 10 short videos introduce athletes to behavioral ethics concepts. Aug 3, 2004 · While moral theory does not invent morality, or even reflection on it, it does try to bring systematic thinking to bear on these activities. Major ethical theories include deontology, utilitarianism, rights Nov 21, 2007 · 1. If ethics is widely regarded as the most accessible branch of philosophy, it is so because many of its presuppositions are, seemingly, self-evident or trivial truths: All human actions, for example, serve some end or purpose; whether they are right or wrong depends on the agent’s overall aims. . However, we should be mindful that all theories have flaws or failings. What Socrates taught was a method of inquiry. Taking a closer look into the study of ethical theories, HRD prac- Dec 1, 1994 · This note outlines some of the basic terms used in the study of ethics and describes the task of business ethics. 4 Limitations of traditional normative theories 29 Section 2 Self Assessment Questions 30 3. Sep 9, 2024 · Utilitarianism and other consequentialist theories are in opposition to egoism, the view that each person should pursue his or her own self-interest, even at the expense of others, and to any ethical theory that regards some actions (or types of action) as right or wrong independently of their consequences (see deontological ethics contemporary views on ethical theories of business Structure 2. ) as a field that takes “standard” ethical theories and applies them to practical problems. Mar 29, 2015 · (You can find a more detailed summary of Kant’s ethics here. 1-2 (at least through his statement of the “Greatest Happiness” principle, p. Ethics or morality (and we’ll use these terms interchangeably) is the broader arena in which any special set of ethical problems is found. 0 Normative ethical traditions: identifying right and wrong 21 Section Overview 21 Section Learning Outcomes 21 2. From virtue ethics to utilitarianism, from deontological ethics to ethical relativism, each theory provides valuable insights into the complexities of human morality and the challenges of living an ethical Here is a summary of the three ethical theories we have discussed in weeks 2 and 3. Ethics Defined (Glossary) View All 58 animated videos - 1 to 2 minutes each - define key ethics terms and concepts. Subjects Covered in The Nicomachean Ethics. Mar 19, 2015 · 17. The syllabus looks at 3 ethical theories: Utilitarianism; Kant’s deontological ethics; Aristotle’s virtue ethics; Each theory provides a framework intended to guide moral behaviour. Discuss the following questions to clarify the nature of ethics and morality. 8 Summary 2. Nov 1, 2021 · Ethical and Legal Issues | Landry 1 Traditional ethical theories – Lecture guide What is Ethics Ethics is a generic term for various ways of understanding and examining the moral life Is there a distinction between Ethics and Morality? There is a distinction between them in philosophy. Sep 13, 2024 · Deontological ethics, in philosophy, ethical theories that place special emphasis on the relationship between duty and the morality of human actions. Morality is defined by duties and one’s action is moral if it is an act motivated by Sep 14, 2020 · The key assumption in normative theory is that there is only one ultimate criterion of moral conduct, whether it is a single rule or a set of principles. After discussion, read my thoughts and do additional research to deepen your answers. indd 3 07/13/17 07:01 PM account of what you ought to do and why you ought to do it. Ethical theories and principles can help us to make decisions more responsibly. Relativism and subjectivism, divine command theory and natural law theory, virtue ethics, social contract theory and egoism, utilitarianism, Kant, feminist ethics, and evolutionary ethics. We can apply these theories to ethical dilemmas such as May 20, 2003 · Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is simply the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. Jun 11, 2007 · Examples of such theories are consequentialism and virtue theory. Ethical theories are like those rules, but for life itself. This introduction will prepare you for the intense ethical inquiry that takes place in this volume. Consequential ethics refers to views that judge actions based on their effects. Feb 23, 2004 · 1. In other words, no one ethical theory is perfect. 4 Normative Ethical Theory 15 1. These chapters analyze the advantages and problems of ethical subjectivism and ethical particularism. Jun 27, 2022 · There is much disagreement about what, exactly, constitutes a moral theory. 9 Keywords First assignment Read Mill, chs. Sep 14, 2024 · Ethics - Socrates, Morality, Virtue: Socrates, who once observed that “the unexamined life is not worth living,” must be regarded as one of the greatest teachers of ethics. He does not himself use either of these titles, although in the Politics (1295a36) he refers back to one of them—probably the Eudemian Ethics—as “ta êthika”—his writings about character. Mill • What makes something good or bad, right or wrong, is that it produces the greatest amount of pleasure (or lack of pain) for the greatest number of people • Basic Principle: Greatest Happiness Principle Maximizing positive outcomes for the largest number of people, negative outcomes for lowest number of An Introduction to Kant’s Moral Theory Heather Wilburn, Ph. It describes the Integrity Approach that combines consequentialist View Ethical Theories Lecture Notes. Many also consider it important for an ethical theory to be action-guiding, or capable of informing and directing human behavior. Utilitarianism, by John Stuart Mill, is an essay written to provide support for the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory, and to respond to misconceptions about it. Kantian Formulation Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is one of the most important figures in modern philosophy. 6 Limitations of Existing Theories 2. Morally speaking, Kant is a deontologist; from the Greek, this is the science of duties. 1 Introduction 1 1. Then we note some of the features that distinguish different virtue ethical theories from one another before turning to objections that have been raised against virtue ethics and responses offered on its behalf. Completing this unit should take you approximately 7 hours. docx from MKT 3003 at University of Technology, Jamaica - Montego Bay Campus. ” Some regard applied ethics (and hence Business Ethics, along with bioethics, environmental ethics, etc. They use a combination or hybrid of theories because moral stances often overlap and dictate differing approaches or perspectives and their use. 7 Business Ethics: Going Beyond Cynicism 2. Some philosophers think that ethics does do this. Normative ethical theories attempt to devise a system for determining which actions are good and which are bad, e. E. Some forms of utilitarianism claim that goodness = pleasure/happiness. The twenty-five contributors cover the field in a comprehensive and highly accessible way, while achieving three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and putting forth a distinct viewpoint. The Journal of Business Ethics began in 1982 publishing semi-annual issues. Aristotle wrote two ethical treatises: the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics. This historically important and still popular theory embodies the basic intuition that what is best or right is whatever makes the world best in the future, because we cannot change the past, so worrying about the past is no more useful than crying over spilled milk. Aims and Methods of Moral Philosophy. A consequentialist theory of value judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences that action has. Consequential ethical theories are based on the concept that an action's rightness or wrongness is determined by its. University of Texas 1 INTRODUCTION Ethical Association for Practical and Professional Ethics in the US, and the European Business Ethics Network – were established in 1980, 1991, and 1987, respectively. May 25, 2024 · There are two broad categories of ethical theories concerning the source of value: consquentialist and non-consequentialist. It is commonly thought that virtues, according to Aristotle, are habits and that the good life is a life of mindless routine. A moral theory is a mechanism for assessing whether a particular action or rule is ethically justified. In 2010 it published seven volumes (volumes 91 to 97) and 39 separate issues, each containing several articles. d. right and wrong, good and bad. May 18, 2023 · In this article, we will explore the three main ethical theories – virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology – in more detail. We will look at their similarities and differences, how they are applied in practice, and how they can help us make more informed ethical decisions. 1-3: Nature of Ethics and methods of studying Ethics. In deontological ethics an action is considered morally good because of some characteristic of the action itself, not because the product of the action is good. 4. That is a meta-ethical view about what Sep 16, 2003 · 1. Human practices that produce good consequences are morally right, while ones that produce bad consequences are morally wrong. 3 Teleological ethics 26 2. Aug 5, 2013 · 2. Individuals and institutions use more than one approach to decision-making. Deontology is an ethical theory that Emanuel Kant founded that emphasizes the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the outcomes of those actions (Morrison,2019). Jun 17, 2021 · Many would claim that such an act violates a built-in instinct for survival fundamental to human nature (note that euthanasia also runs counter to several other ethical theories). In this entry, both Overview – Ethical Theories. Because deontological theories are best understood in contrast to consequentialist ones, a brief look at consequentialism and a survey of the problems with it that motivate its deontological opponents, provides a helpful prelude to taking up deontological theories themselves. While the natural world operates according to laws of cause and effect, the moral world operates according to self-imposed “laws of freedom. Chapter 17 turns to virtue ethics, the belief that morality should be guided by the actions of a moral exemplar. ” Here is his basic argument for freedom: 1. SITUATION ETHICS. Explore different types of ethical theories, including deontology and utilitarianism. Book I, Chap. 1 Ethical Theory and Business Practice 1 1. 55, for Tuesday). pwy xjekth ootfyz mrz lvlc qmwqc modhw vkwvr bbioccv tnxj