List of ethical theories

List of ethical theories. Jul 15, 2021 · Ethical theory serves as the foundation for ethical solutions to the difficult situations people encounter in life. The most basic aim of moral philosophy, and so also of the Groundwork, is, in Kant’s view, to “seek out” the foundational principle of a “metaphysics of morals,” which Kant understands as a system of a priori moral principles that apply the CI to human persons in all times and cultures. London: Routledge, 2004. There are several well-respected ways of looking at ethical issues. We will cover each one briefly below with explanations and how they differ from other moral theories. Some of the most common are captured in the following 5 ethical frameworks: Virtue ethics: What is moral is what makes us the best person we could be. The simple format is ideal for giving an introduction to the student Utilitarianism. In most situations, there are already guidelines, experience, rules, role models, or habits which can help in making a decision, but every once in a while, there is no apparent help provided from any of the sources on what to do and what is the right decision. Discover the world's research. The study of ethics has provided many principles that can aid in ethical decision making. Jun 27, 2017 · Rules in society must be justified, and it is ethical theory that both provides the rules and the justification because the aim of an ethical theory is to "find the basis for saying that people have an obligation to behave in a certain way, or that it is wrong for someone to behave in a certain way. Metaethics is therefore a form of study that is beyond the topics considered in normative or applied ethics. Compare and contrast virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology, and see how they are applied in different scenarios. For example, Feminist ethics is a field of study that investigates moral dilemmas from feminist viewpoints and tries to address issues related to gender-based inequalities (Jaggar, 2001 ). He is the founding father of Western ethics and inspired all of his successors. The syllabus looks at 3 ethical theories: Utilitarianism; Kant’s deontological ethics; Aristotle’s virtue ethics; Each theory provides a framework intended to guide moral behaviour. Nov 21, 2007 · 1. 221pp. When judging an ethical theory, it Gordon Graham, Eight Theories of Ethics. Explore the three main types: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics, and see examples of each. Aristotle wrote two ethical treatises: the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics. Metaethics: Introduction. Begin considering how the major theories about ethics apply to difficult choices in life and business. ) as a field that takes “standard” ethical theories and applies them to practical problems. Applied ethics, as the name implies, consists of the application of normative ethical theories to practical moral problems (e. Jun 11, 2007 · A comprehensive reference work on ethical theory, covering meta-ethical and normative issues, with articles by leading moral philosophers. 25+ million members; Introduction An ethical theory is a framework for determining what morality consists in and how we ought to go about abiding by it. Personal Development – Ethical theories can promote personal growth and character development. Virtue Ethics. A moral theory often shapes a person’s attitude toward others, belief system and life choices. In the Nicomachean Ethics he discusses about 11 moral virtues: Moral Virtues. May 20, 2003 · Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is simply the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. Aug 4, 2015 · The rights theory of ethics says that people make decisions based on the rights that their society agrees to. Introduction Human beings are forced to make decisions in Describe the various major theories about ethics in human decision making. Mar 2, 2024 · While Feminist theory is not recognized as one of the traditional ethical theories, there are intersections between this theory and ethics. Ethics and morality are now used almost interchangeably in many contexts, but the name of the philosophical study remains ethics. He did not agree with Aistote's concept… Jan 28, 2003 · The chapter concludes by discussing a case to illustrate the inadequacy of applying general ethical theories to the corporate domain. Aims and Methods of Moral Philosophy. com May 18, 2023 · Learn about three common ethical theories that help us to understand our own values and make ethical decisions. There are three categories of ethical theories: Normative ethics; Meta ethics We will explore the moral theory of utilitarianism in depth, considering whether it can help us determine the right thing to do and how to produce a just society. This article seeks to identify specific problems for a sound fou Jun 27, 2018 · Each moral theory holds a specific approach in how to handle life’s decisions. May 27, 2019 · Questions about the shortcomings of traditional ethical theories, about which virtues constitute morally good character in contexts of oppression, and about which kinds of ethical theories will ameliorate gendered oppressions and evils generate critical scholarship in every decade. Proposition 1. Moral virtues like honesty, courage, integrity, temperance and generosity are taken to be inherently good first, then actions are evaluated based on whether they express those virtues. Kantian ethical theories are a broad class of ethical theories that include both the ethical theory of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and contemporary ethical theories that are inspired by Kant’s theory but diverge from or add to it in various ways, including the contractualist theories of John Rawls and T. Home. The keyword in consequentialism is ‘consequence’. 9 Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making Introduction. Ethical theories can be decomposed into their foundational and factorial components. Overview of Ethical Theories. This historically important and still popular theory embodies the basic intuition that what is best or right is whatever makes the world best in the future, because we cannot change the past, so worrying about the past is no more useful than crying over spilled milk. He does not himself use either of these titles, although in the Politics (1295a36) he refers back to one of them—probably the Eudemian Ethics—as “ta êthika”—his writings about character. Completing this unit should take you approximately 7 hours. 1 Gender binarism, essentialism, and separatism Jun 15, 2023 · Ethical theories are philosophical attempts at explaining and systematizing human morality. Also known as consequentialist ethics, it is opposed to deontological ethics (from the Greek deon, Nov 20, 2023 · Numerous ethical theories have been proposed as a foundation of business ethics, and this often brings about appreciable perplexity. This page looks in detail at different theories of ethics. Apr 3, 2022 · Choices – Decision Making Maze by Phillips Simkin, 1976, via MoMA. Aug 29, 2024 · The term “Kantian ethics” refers primarily to the ethical theory of Immanuel KANT (1724-1804) but is used more generally to refer to other theories that incorporate some of Kant's central ideas, including the good will, the moral law, moral obligation, acting from duty, the categorical imperative, the opposing of duty to inclination, ethical FORMALISM, rationalism, universality, DEONTOLOGY Sep 14, 2024 · Ethics also referred to particular philosophical theories of morality. Jul 15, 2024 · A mini-theory might explain relatively narrow behaviors, such as how self-esteem is formed or early childhood socialization. Here are a few ethical theories to whet your appetite: Overview – Ethical Theories. Major Ethical Perspectives. Learn about different ethical theories, such as consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, and more. From journalism, performing arts, and scientific research to sports, law, and business, these case studies explore current and historic ethical dilemmas, their motivating biases, and their consequences. As opposed to other ethical theories, which focus on the consequences of an individual’s actions, virtue ethics places emphasis on a person’s character and values (Hursthouse & Pettigrove, 2003). Virtue ethics, for example Feb 23, 2004 · 1. Nov 8, 2019 · In the course of history, three most influential normative ethical theories are virtue ethics, duty ethics, and consequentialist ethical theories. Topics about Ethical theories in general should be placed in relevant topic categories . Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics in that the former examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, whereas the latter studies the meaning of moral May 1, 2001 · 1. Consequentialist theories, unlike virtue and deontological theories, hold that only the consequences, or outcomes, of actions matter morally. 99. In Eight Theories of Ethics, Gordon Graham gives a clear, concise and cohesive presentation of major ethical theories for those new to philoso-phy. Jun 4, 2020 · • To appreciate the ethical dimensions of patient care • To understand ethical principles of medical profession • To have competence in core ethical behavioral skills (Obtaining informed consent, assessing decision-making capacity, discussing resuscitation status and use of life-sustaining treatments, advanced care planning, breaking bad news and effective communication) The descriptions of the following ethical theories are very basic and address only the points required for a basic understanding in a law enforcement context. Consequentialism. What are major ethical principles that can be used by individuals and organizations? Before turning to organizational and systems levels of ethics, we discuss classical ethical principles that are very relevant now and on which decisions can be and are made by individuals, organizations, and other stakeholders who choose Mar 10, 2021 · 1. normative ethical theories are virtue ethics, duty ethics, and consequentialist ethical theories. Three of our five ethical theories have the following decomposition: Proposition 2. Principles, consequences of actions, and patterns of behaviour are encompassed by theories that try to answer these questions. May 25, 2024 · Learn about different ethical theories, such as virtue ethics, normative ethical relativism, and reason-based ethics. Learn what ethical theories are and how they help us make good choices in life. Ethical theories . right and wrong, good and bad. ” (Johnson 7) Relating this to business Through the ages, there have emerged multiple common moral theories and traditions. e. While these theories may sometimes conflict or offer competing perspectives, they also complement each other and contribute to a richer understanding of ethical values and principles. ” Some regard applied ethics (and hence Business Ethics, along with bioethics, environmental ethics, etc. Jan 1, 2023 · Thus, utilitarianism, rights-based theories, and the ethics of care will be discussed in addition to virtue ethics, deontological ethical theory, and consequentialism. More than 70 cases pair ethics concepts with real world situations. Introduction Human beings are forced to make decisions in their lives; even abstaining from making a decision is a decision. 1. Jun 27, 2022 · 1. The three main normative ethical theories are virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism. Utilitarianism The theory that the “right” moral act is the one that produces the greatest good for society. is a prominent perspective on ethics, one that is well aligned with economics and the free-market outlook that has come to dominate much current thinking about business, management, and economics. , abortion). Apr 12, 2024 · Theories within normative ethics include utilitarianism, consequentialism, contractualism, virtue ethics, and more. £13. The focus of this section will be the dominant ethical theories of 20th/21st century bioethics because those are the ones most commonly seen in bioethics arguments. What the majority of people in that society believes is important will drive decisions. It may, initially, be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach that emphasizes duties or rules (deontology) or that emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism). Examples of how a theory may relate to and assist law enforcement are included. 2. Sep 18, 2017 · Localizing Ethical Theories in our Map. The prefix “meta” is derived from the Greek for “beyond”. Each case includes discussion questions, related videos, and a bibliography. Explore the arguments, examples, and criticisms of each theory with readings and videos. In fact, for centuries, philosophers have come up with theoretical ways of telling right from wrong and for giving guidelines about how to live and act ethically. ISBN 0-415-31589-1 (pbk). For example, the rights we Americans have in our Constitution should be factors in our decision-making according to this theory. Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Science (NCBES), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland Teleological ethics, (teleological from Greek telos, “end”; logos, “science”), theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end to be achieved. Deontology: What is moral is what follows from absolute moral duties. Deontology’s Foil: Consequentialism. The descriptions of the following ethical theories are very basic and address only the points required for a basic understanding in a law enforcement context. See full list on owlcation. Many ethical theories can frame our thinking; here we focus on several that are widely used by both academic and professional ethicists, including tech ethicists in particular. Relativism and absolutism both refer to the ethical and moral belief systems in society. determining what is the right or wrong course of action. Deontological theories use the concept of their inherent rightness in establishing such standards, while teleological theories consider the goodness or value brought into being by actions as the principal criterion of their ethical value. Feb 26, 2021 · 5 ethical theories for modern times From Aristote to Floridi Obviously, the first of the 5 ethical theories listed in this article is Aristotle's virtue ethics. Unit 4: John Rawls' Theory of Justice. There are three categories of ethical theories: Normative ethics; Meta ethics Normative ethics is the study of ethical behaviour and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates questions regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense. Four, many experiences, when considering ethical theories and ethical cases like the ones described above that their moral intuitions in some case are in accordance with one ethical theory, for example, utilitarianism, and in other cases are in accordance with a another moral theory, for example, libertarianism. Preliminaries. The role of ethical theory in business ethics is somewhat controversial, in part because Business Ethics is seen as a branch of “applied ethics. In other words, a deontological approach calls for doing certain things on principle or because they are Sep 13, 2024 · Deontological ethics, in philosophy, ethical theories that place special emphasis on the relationship between duty and the morality of human actions. Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focuses on the character of the moral agent with the idea that a virtuous person will not only have good intentions but, when trained properly, will It should only contain pages that are Ethical theories or lists of Ethical theories, as well as subcategories containing those things (themselves set categories). Generally, most ethical theory is an attempt to describe or prescribe what philosophers call "right Sep 6, 2023 · Normative Ethics Theories. Jul 18, 2003 · Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. Consequentialism is an umbrella term that describes a moral philosophy where the most moral action is that which brings about desirable consequences. Ethics is the science of morals in human conduct - i. We can now use this scheme to better understand the space of ethical theories. g. Among the major fields of applied ethics are bioethics, business ethics, legal ethics, and medical ethics. M. Nov 22, 2023 · Human beings are forced to make decisions in their lives; even abstaining from making a decision is a decision. These theories are often rooted in the ideas established by grand theories, but they do not seek to describe and explain the whole of human behavior and growth. Scanlon (see above). Because deontological theories are best understood in contrast to consequentialist ones, a brief look at consequentialism and a survey of the problems with it that motivate its deontological opponents, provides a helpful prelude to taking up deontological theories themselves. Unit 5: Ethics and Politics of Virtue. Morality. Finally, this unit will introduce two ethical theories in contrast to utilitarianism: deontology and natural law. When philosophers engage in moral theorizing, what is it that they are doing? Very broadly, they are attempting to provide a systematic account of morality. Four broad categories of ethical theory include Ethics and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Here and in the Middle East Student Project Showcase 2024 Student Project Showcase 2023 Generative AI Ethics Student Project Showcase 2022 The Ethics of Guns Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination Hackworth Fellowships Project Showcase 2021 Racism, Hate, and the AAPI Community Vaccination Each ethical theory offers distinct insights into the nature of morality and provides frameworks for addressing ethical dilemmas and promoting ethical behavior. Oct 28, 2023 · Global Ethics – In an increasingly interconnected world, ethical theories provide a basis for discussing and addressing global ethical challenges, such as climate change, human rights, and international conflicts. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In this way, a basic grasp of ethical theory can work like a field guide for practical ethical concerns. Ethics are founded on ethical theories, some dating back to the nineteenth century. Throughout history, a few moral theories have surfaced and have been analyzed for their strengths and weaknesses. Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences. . Concepts Unwrapped: Sports Edition View All 10 short videos introduce athletes to behavioral ethics concepts. SLIDE 3 – FORMS OF ETHICAL THEORIES For individuals, the ethical theory they employ for decision making guidance emphasizes aspects of an ethical dilemma important to them and leads them to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. Ethics in Focus View All One-of-a-kind videos highlight the ethical aspects of current and historical subjects. Sep 9, 2024 · Utilitarianism and other consequentialist theories are in opposition to egoism, the view that each person should pursue his or her own self-interest, even at the expense of others, and to any ethical theory that regards some actions (or types of action) as right or wrong independently of their consequences (see deontological ethics Aug 15, 2024 · Discover a list of 15 key ethical principles in business that executives and employees may follow, including honesty, integrity and social consciousness. Thus, the object of moral theorizing is morality, and, further, morality as a normative system. Ethics is the study of morality – i. During the 17th century, Kant's moral philosophy takes the shape of idealistic deontology. Mar 7, 2006 · Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - Authors and Affiliations. Value theory is concerned with theoretical questions about value and goodness of all varieties, questions that often cross the boundaries between normative ethics and the metaethical. Different approaches to ethics Absolutism and relativism . Apr 23, 2017 · Virtue ethics names a type of ethical theory that takes virtues of character, rather than individual actions or rules, as the most fundamental ethical concepts. Some of them have been around for centuries. Ethics Defined (Glossary) View All 58 animated videos - 1 to 2 minutes each - define key ethics terms and concepts. In deontological ethics an action is considered morally good because of some characteristic of the action itself, not because the product of the action is good. Later the term was applied to particular (and narrower) moral codes or value systems. fmkuw evjfok esl wadearc jtgoff xjn mpakyoy mhs gdyf quvgu